Detectors for Science Working Group Pre-meeting 1

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SiDet Conference Room (Fermilab)

SiDet Conference Room

Fermilab
Description

Charge:
• Draft Goals of the retreat (mainly via the working groups):

• To get people to talk about their views on the long-term plans for the laboratory’s research program:

• To collect input on the Fermilab 10-year plan (pre-2026), and the longer range outlook (post-2026)

• To facilitate communication between different groups at the lab related to long-term goals (e.g. for accelerator physicists to learn what HEP physicists are wanting to do and visa versa)

• Draft Output of the retreat:

• A schedule of events or work that needs to take place in order for Fermilab to give input to the next P5 process (~2021), including how to organize ourselves

• In addition, even if early we would like to start on the following:

• A start on a list of possible long-term lab goals

• A start on an estimate of what new work or input is needed to decide how to prioritize those goals (e.g. results from a currently running experiment, new R&D, etc)

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Introduction
  • Collect a list of non-prioritized goals for detector development (R&D and construction) across the lab, across divisions and frontiers aimed as input for the next Snowmass/P5 process (~2020)
  • Detector development at the lab is science driven, and for the most part project driven, but some "blue sky" ideas should be included if we have them
  • Alongside the goals we need to list needs for facilities and technical expertise at the lab
  • The timescale for all of these should be for the next ~15-20 years
Neutrino Frontier
  • Midterm: three main experimental areas are:
    • NOvA: currently taking data, not much R&D
    • DUNE: data taking to start in ~2026, need to build 4 FD modules, and a ND
    • SBN: data taking to start in ~2018
  • Longterm: very strong DUNE component; beyond that we need physics input from above experiments
    • Neutrino factory for precision measurements?
    • Go to lower energies for super nova neutrino studies?
    • Precision measurements of unitarity in neutrinos?
  • LAr detector development (for 2nd, 3rd, 4th DUNE FD, ND, and also SBN):
    • novel photon detection systems including VUV and NIR light collection, adding TPB coated foils, adding dopants to the argon, ARAPUCA
    • HV feedthroughs
    • Improving ionization readout techniques (testing electronics, gain within the liquid, dual phase tests)
    • Additional LArIAT needs: pixel readout, gain in liquid
    • Magnetizing the LAr volume
  • LAr TPC may not be optimal in very intense beam, potential option for gaseous argon TPC for ND
  • Longterm detector R&D needs:
    • Magnetizing  LArTPC for DUNE
    • Identify charged-current tau neutrino interactions: very far away, very big, very good position resolution --> emulsion blocks? other technologies?
  • Questions/Discussion:
    • Need to talk about DAQ challenges, very high data volume
    • Neutrinoless double-beta decay: very low effort at Fermilab right now
    • Lab space for production likely not an issue: ND does not need that much space and can be phased
    • Lab space for R&D: adding third cryostat to PAB, will want one more
    • Not clear yet what comes after DUNE, will need info from DUNE data
    • Light collection system for DUNE still pretty primitive; lots of space for improvement, very important for low energy part of physics program. Need more connection with electronics group; also new materials are important; new infrastructure needed for that.
Energy Frontier
  • Nearterm: HL-LHC, detector technologies well defined
    • Challenges are high PU, high radiation environment, large data throughput and strong data reduction needs
    • At Fermilab:
      • Outer Tracker upgrade: module assembly (complex double
        layer, pixels & strips, input to track trigger), radhard optical links
      • Tracker Trigger: R&D, AM-based, one of three options in CMS
      • Pixels: sensor (small pixels, edgeless) and ASIC R&D (in RD53
        with ATLAS)
      • HGCal: silicon-based high granularity forward calorimeter
        (sensor design, FE electronics, cooling, cassette assembly)
      • Had calo: radhard scintillatorand photodetection R&D
      • Fast Timing layer: LGAD Si sensors, ps-timing electronics, R&D
        and construction
  • Longterm:
    • Lepton collider: e+e-, Higgs factory (250-500 GeV)
      • Central tracker: high momentum resolution, excellent secondary vertex reco
      • Calorimetry: very high energy resolution
      • Muon system: hermetic, small punch through, high momentum resolution
      • Occupancy and radiation: relatively low interaction rate, no issues with triggering; challenging forward region due to radiation of electrons
    • Hadron collider: pp, next energy frontier (14-100 TeV)
      • Central tracker needs to preserve momentum resolution for ~10x higher momentum tracks compared to LHC
      • Calorimetry: no major issues?
      • Muon system: muons are showering and become "electron-like" due to larger g factor, momentum resolution challenge
      • Occupancy and radiation doses not much worse than at HL-LHC
  • Some detector R&D needs:
    • ASICs and sensors: few-nm architecture, 3D-silicon, CMOS technology, monolithic sensors, 8" wafers, in-house bump bonding and wafer processing and dicing
    • Other semiconductor materials, i.e. diamonds, Ga?
    • New materials for support structures and cables, i.e. carbon nano tubes, graphene, ?
    • New scintillators and fiber materials
    • Maybe new (to FNAL) technologies, e.g. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors, ?
    • On-site testbeam facility crucial, in-site irradiation facility would be fantastic
  • Questions/Discussion:
    • Regarding irradiation facility: strong support among detector developers in room, but need to make a strong case for directorate as AD is very much against it.

Cosmic Frontier
  • Nearterm future:
    • LZ: DM, noble liquids, start data taking in 2019
    • superCDMS: DM, sub-K, start data taking in 2020
    • ADMX: DM, sub-K, running now until beyond 2020
    • extension of ADMX: DM, sub-K, 2 LDRDs ongoing
    • pico-500: DM, very small FNAL role?
    • SENSEI: DM, Si detectors, LDRD now, could grow in coming year
    • NEXUS: DM, sub-K, detector calibration/testing facility for DM ideas (NuMI tunnel)
    • DESI: DE, Si detectors, start data taking ~2019
    • SPT-3G: CMB, sub-K, running now, some upgrades planned
  • Longterm future: depends on outcome of G2 (for DM)
    • several tons bubble chamber: DM, investigate different targets
    • several kg single electron threshold experiments: DM, Si detectors or sub-K
    • directional detection ideas (gas detectors, graphene): DM
    • quantum detectors: DM, sub-K
    • high density - low resolution spectroscopy: DE, MKIDs (LDRD), sub-K, prisms
    • high resolution - low density spectroscopy: DE, billion object aparatus, superDESI, Si detectors, high density fiber positioning
    • 21cm survey: DE, ?
    • CMB-S4: CMB, sub-K
  • Sub-K expertise is becoming more important; there is a need for a more efficient sub-K detector facility (maybe inside IERC?); in addition to NEXUS (low background underground sub-K cleanroom)
  • In addition to large integration lab space there is a need for smaller testing lab space
  • Keep a healthy diversity to be ready for future, small R&D. Have done a lot of this in the past and it has paid off, e.g. PICO, DarkSide, DAMIC.
  • Questions/Duscussion:
    • Need to define what we mean with cryogenic facility: different ADRs and Dil Fridges for different needs, arrange as users facility
    • What is the potential of sub-K detector technology for the next 10-20 years to have impact on other fields, such as intensity or energy frontiers?

Precision Frontier
  • Future ideas:
    • g-2: negative muon run
    • Mu2e-II: with PIP-II and different target
    • REDTOP: eta factory
    • Proton EDM
    • TEDSE: Transfigured Electron Double Slit Experiment
    • DM search using lepton beams
  • Mu2e-II detector R&D:
    • ultra low mass, high rate tracker (~0.1% resolution on 100MeV/c tracks, peak rates 1MHz/cm2
    • ultra thin straw tracker (~8 micron thick): challenges concerning ageing, sag under tension, leak rate, etc.
    • solid state photo sensors for BaF2 calorimeter with ~20krad dose expected
    • SiPM for cosmic ray veto expected to be limited by neutron dose, aim to sustain >10^11 n/cm2 (1MeV neutron equivalent)
    • Development of >100kW production target
    • high throughput triggerless DAQ
  • Discussion on detector needs will come at their next meeting on 4/20




Draft of (unsorted) goals and questions
  • Broadcast better funding opportunities, facilities and technical expertise inside the lab, and also to other labs and universities for better collaboration. Are we happy with current scheme of LDRD and KA25?
  • Detector developers need to have strong input for IERC design phase (~now). List of needed facilities at IERC and elsewhere at the lab:
    • Clean rooms (class?, size?, underground)
    • Cryogenic facilities (CO2 plants, ADRs, Dil Fridges, ?)
    • Cryogenic teststands at PAB (and in testbeam?): third one being installed soon, more needed
    • Wirebonders, in-house bump bonding?
    • Precision meterology
    • Special meterials, thin films, scintillator extrusion, more need for Chemists, Material Scientists?
    • Testbeam facility crucial
    • Irradiation facility (at MTA) would be very desirable
    • X-ray irradiation facility
    • PREP needs modernization of electronics and DAQ (network enabled, plug-and-play)
    • Better communication with AD and TD about instrumentation, facilities and technical expertise
  • ASICs and sensors: few-nm architecture, 3D-silicon, CMOS technology, monolithic sensors, 8" wafers, in-house bump bonding and wafer processing and dicing
  • Other semiconductor materials, i.e. diamonds, Ga?
  • New materials for support structures and cables, i.e. carbon nano tubes, graphene, ?
  • New scintillators and fiber materials
  • Maybe new (to FNAL) technologies, e.g. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors, ?
  • Sub-K expertise is becoming more important; there is a need for a more efficient sub-K detector facility (maybe inside IERC?); in addition to NEXUS (low background underground sub-K cleanroom)
  • In addition to large integration lab space there is a need for smaller testing lab space
  • Keep a healthy diversity to be ready for future, small R&D. Have done a lot of this in the past and it has paid off, e.g. PICO, DarkSide, DAMIC.
  • ultra low mass, high rate tracker (~0.1% resolution on 100MeV/c tracks, peak rates 1MHz/cm2
  • ultra thin straw tracker (~8 micron thick): challenges concerning ageing, sag under tension, leak rate, etc.
  • solid state photo sensors for BaF2 calorimeter with ~20krad dose expected
  • SiPM for cosmic ray veto expected to be limited by neutron dose, aim to sustain >10^11 n/cm2 (1MeV neutron equivalent)
  • Development of >100kW production target
  • high throughput triggerless DAQ
  • Should we talk about education? Maybe a standing EDIT organization committee?
  • Collaboration with industry?
  • How do we get the 3M back from the SBN?
  • Need to make sure ASIC group is being kept alive (and expanded) with continuous projects from different frontiers. The same for DAQ and electronics needs.
  • Can the ASIC group help with modernizing PREP?
  • Would we need a new facility for COLDATA ASIC testing?
  • Would be good to collaborate with Bern group on pixelated readout of LArTPC.
  • ECA awards would be great to get recent ASIC PhDs to start working on new ideas.
  • How do we solve the age proble of the detector expert community? Need to attract and educate young people for continuity and bright new ideas. E.g. Thin Film facility is critical.
  • Strengthen further our unique skillset of capabilities of packaging, smallest and largest scales, including ASICs, plus full system integration including DAQ.

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