Conveners
Open Session for remarks: Fermilab
- Kendall Mahn (Michigan State University)
Open Session for remarks: Argonne
- Beate Heinemann (DESY and Freiburg University)
I am early career accelerator scientist on the Fermilab Central Design Group (CDG) on Proton Intensity Upgrade (PIU). The first objective of this group is to develop reliable accelerator upgrade scenarios for 2.4 MW upgrade of DUNE/LBNF program. The next objective is to consider broader HEP opportunities and their relation to Fermilab upgrades - especially dark sector searches and muon physics...
Materials science investigations have delivered critical improvements in particle physics technologies in recent years. By standing up unique capabilities aimed at understanding the role and impact of atomic defects, impurities, surfaces, and interfaces, Fermilab has demonstrated systematic improvements in the performance of technologies such as detectors, accelerators, quantum computers and...
High statistics studies of the b quark have provided essential information on the standard model. Studies of CP violation in the b sector have indicated a need for beyond-the-standard model sources of CP violation, and studies of rare b decays have provided both constraints on new physics models and now tantalizing hints of beyond-the-standard-model lepton flavor violation. LHCb and Belle-2...
Three fundamental searches or measurements can be made with muonium (M), a hydrogenic $\mu^+ e^-$ bound state: the search for charged-lepton flavor violation via M-$\overline{\mathrm{M}}$ oscillations, the M atomic spectrum, and the gravitational acceleration ($\overline{g}$) of antimatter in Earth’s field. M-$\overline{\mathrm{M}}$ transitions are allowed, but highly suppressed, via neutrino...
Ten years after its discovery, the production mechanism and sources of the high-energy neutrino background discovered by IceCube and extending to 10 PeV remain almost entirely unknown. Understanding what this first glimpse of the distant, high-energy universe can tell us, a priority of the decadal survey, is currently limited in IceCube by both the total number of detected neutrinos and by...
As next-generation accelerator target facilities, such as the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) at Fermilab, become increasingly more powerful and intense, high power target systems face key technical challenges. Devices such as beam windows and secondary particle-production targets are continuously bombarded by high-energy high-intensity pulsed proton beams to produce secondary particles...
As an organizer of NF09, the Topical Group on Artificial Neutrino Sources, I have seen that, just as modest investment in neutrino detector technology has opened great new opportunities such as DUNE, more investment in new neutrino sources can be game changing. This remark will advocate for the support of small experiments to develop truly novel approaches for neutrino sources. In...
The DUNE collaboration found that the current theoretical uncertainty on neutrino cross sections and modeling of final states would substantially degrade the sensitivity to CP violation and the mass hierarchy in their measurements. Currently, the uncertainties are estimated to be between 5 and 10%. Disagreements between event generator predictions are even larger. We will discuss the need for...
There is growing recognition that training the next generation of instrumentation experts is vital to the future of HEP. Unfortunately, most student support mechanisms in instrumentation, including SCGSR and Traineeship programs, take a “one and done” approach – one year of support in instrumentation after which a student returns to their regularly scheduled PhD. This is in stark contrast to...
Future high energy colliders are essential to unravel the mysteries of the universe. The question is how best to access higher energies. After decades of physically larger and larger pp and e+e- machines, a compact and power-efficient muon collider would represent a paradigm shift for the field of particle physics. In this remark, I'll discuss why a multi-TeV Muon Collider is a compelling...
GRAMS (Gamma-Ray and AntiMatter Survey) is a proposed balloon/satellite mission that will be the first to target both MeV gamma-ray observations and antimatter-based indirect dark matter searches with a LArTPC (Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber) detector. With a cost-effective, large-scale LArTPC, GRAMS can open up a new window into the poorly explored region of the MeV sky and be a...
Dark matter makes up 85% of the matter in the universe and 27% of its energy density, but we don't know what comprises dark matter. Wavelike dark matter, including the QCD axion, are well-motivated dark matter candidates that have been receiving more attention in recent years. However, if the axion exists, its mass is unknown, requiring experiments to search through a broad range of parameter...
Theia is a proposed many-ktonne scale ``hybrid" optical neutrino detector with the potential for a broad physics program. Hybrid detectors leverage advancing technology in fast-timing photon sensors, chromatic photon sorting, and new scintillating materials, such as water-based liquid scintillator, in order to simultaneously distinguish both the Cherenkov and scintillation signals. Using the...
The FNAL accelerator complex is under utilized for educating early researchers in particular, students in accelerator physics.
High-energy gamma-ray observations have the potential to probe fundamental physics at energy scales and distances not accessible to earthbound accelerators. With the long distances to astrophysical sources, TeV gamma-ray observations can constrain violations of Lorentz Invariance to beyond the Planck scale. Axion-like particles can be produced in the magnetic fields surrounding astrophysical...
Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities are fundamental components of particle accelerators, but their uses extend beyond the accelerator field. Extensive R&D on SRF cavities has enabled to achieve ultra-high quality factors, opening the doors for new applications, such as quantum information science and searches for new fundamental physics. The Superconducting Quantum Materials and...
The Snowmass Process has highlighted the importance of understanding the technical feasibility and performance of future discovery-science accelerator facilities. Frontier research in Accelerator Science and Technology (AST) is essential to this understanding. The nature of this research is generally incompatible with user facilities, which are inflexible and highly subscribed, and instead...
Long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments present some of the most compelling paths towards beyond-the-standard-model physics through measurement of PMNS matrix elements and observation of the degree of leptonic CP violation. Due to their world leading intensity, the next generation of oscillation experiments, DUNE and Hyper-K, also present an opportunity for novel measurements that are...
Frontier: Neutrino
Experiment: Multi-experiments (IceCube-Upgrade, SuperKamiokande-Gd, KM3NeT-ORCA)
In the current agenda, atmospheric neutrinos are not listed in any contribution title. In this contribution, I will highlight the expected capabilities of atmospheric neutrino experiments that aim to operate this decade and how they can help determine the oscillation parameters. I point out...
To maximize the scientific value extracted from current investments, both the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array Project must be supported into the 2030s. This need has become clear during the writing of a white paper on Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR) for the Snowmass process [ [Astropart. Phys. 149 (2023) 102819]][1]. The reasons for this term of support are manyfold,...
Muon decay is a well understood, equal numbers of electron/muon
(anti)neutrinos and muon neutrinos with precisely known energy spectra. Also, with Very high luminosity for both muon and electron flavor content, Well known neutrino energy spectra, as well as very well determined beam intensity. These all make a muon colliders an ideal place to investigate rare or new neutrino interactions. I...
Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) that were in thermal equilibrium in the early Universe are one of the most well-motivated particle Dark Matter models. This is in part because WIMP models independently have the same relic abundance of DM as seen by CMB studies. The canonical WIMP mass range is 5 GeV-100 TeV, which we have only just begun to probe. The next generation of DM projects...
In the last decade, IceCube has enabled multi-messenger astronomy with neutrinos and revolutionized the field of astroparticle physics. By combining gamma-ray and neutrino data, significant progress has been made in understanding the most energetic phenomena in the universe. However, there is still much to be explored and understood. As the next-generation instruments for both messengers, such...
A balanced portfolio of experiments across all scales is important for the vitality of Neutrino Physics as a whole. Here, we describe some important features of small experiments and the challenges they face. The scale of small experiments provides the ability to react nimbly to emerging opportunities for scientific discovery and to leverage existing equipment and infrastructure at...
Recent discoveries in the last decade have shown that cosmic neutrinos present a robust method for pursuing open particle physics questions in the weak scale. A neutrino beam is expected from cosmic sources at ultrahigh-energies that can probe energies otherwise inaccessible with experiments here on Earth. In these remarks, we will comment on the exciting opportunities available at energies...
The PROSPECT experiment is a small project success story from the last P5/Snowmass cycle. A first-generation detector called PROSPECT-I, located on the Earth's surface roughly 7 m from the 85 MW, compact, highly-enriched High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, took data in 2018 and 2019. The results obtained from this experimental campaign have been of significant...
The Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment (ANNIE) is a 26-ton gadolinium-loaded water Cherenkov neutrino detector located in the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam. The experiment is performing a suite of targeted neutrino-nucleus interaction measurements while also serving as an R&D testbed for the future large-scale neutrino program. Ongoing measurements include characterization of...
Trinity is a next-generation imaging air Cherenkov telescope array that utilizes an earth-skimming technique to detect Ultra-High-Energy (UHE) neutrinos. Its sensitivity will play a crucial role in filling the gap between the observed astrophysical neutrinos observed by IceCube and the predicted sensitivity of radio UHE neutrinos detectors. As proof of the concept, we are building a smaller...
The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) First Target Station (FTS), used by the COHERENT experiment, provides an intense and extremely high-quality source of pulsed stopped-pion neutrinos, with energies up to about 50~MeV. Upgrades to the SNS are underway, including a Second Target Station (STS) in the early 2030's, which will approximately double the source...
The next generation of long baseline neutrino experiments aims to increase proton beam power to multi-MW level and make use of massive detectors to overcome the limitation of event statistics. The DUNE experiment at LBNF will test the three neutrino flavor paradigm and directly search for CP violation by studying oscillation signatures in the high intensity νμ (anti-νμ) beam to νe (anti-νe)...
As solicited by the Snowmass Cosmic Frontier 7 and as a major effort of the international UHECR community, we have produced a whitepaper about the status and future of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR) physis [Astropart. Phys. 149 (2023) 102819 - arXiv:2205.05845] with about 100 authors and many additional endorsers. Part of the whitepaper is an instrumentation roadmap of the large-scale...
A Snowmass working group of 167 experimental and theoretical physicists straddling the neutrino, cosmic, and instrumentation frontiers started to map out the physics case for a modular, low-energy, "recoil imaging" experiment, which we call CYGNUS.
The ultimate goal is to build a large detector that can count and localize --- in the optimal case --- individual electrons of ionization in a...
Ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are the most energetic particles ever detected, reaching energies up to more than ten million times the beam energy of the Large Hadron Collider. Extremely energetic astrophysical sources also produce neutrinos up to very-high energies (VHE). Together, these two messengers offer an unparalleled opportunity to probe the most extreme physics in the...
Advanced accelerator concepts (AAC) hold tremendous promise for enabling future precision energy-frontier machines. With their demonstrated ultra-high acceleration gradients, well beyond those of conventional klystron-powered accelerators, AAC technologies have the potential to revolutionize the field by enabling the development of more compact and cost-effective future colliders, while...
Substantial progress has been made in the last decade in the development of in-ice neutrino detectors targeting 10 PeV and above. In particular, the Askaryan Radio Array at the South Pole has pioneered a low-threshold trigger that is simple to deploy, computationally inexpensive to analyze, and substantially more efficient. This design is scalable for both medium-scale (RNO-G) and large-scale...
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) produces an world-leading intense flux of neutrinos below 53 MeV capable of accumulating an enormous number of protons on target, over 10^23 per year. Beam dump experiments at the SNS are sensitive to hidden sector particles, such as dark matter, produced in the target. Upgrades to the accelerator and construction of...