P5 Town Hall at Fermilab and Argonne

21 Mar 2023, 08:00 → 24 Mar 2023, 17:00 America/Chicago

Fermilab & Argonne

Kayla Decker (Directorate), Louise Suter (FNAL), Traci Langford

Photos from the meeting are available here.

 

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P5 (Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel) makes recommendations on the next 10 years of the US particle physics program within the 20 year context to HEPAP, which advises DOE and NSF. It builds on the extensive community involvement in the Snowmass study. This meeting is part of a series of town halls for information gathering for the panel to learn the aspiration of the community and basic ideas on costs and schedule of proposed projects. 

Town Halls have a set of invited talks on overview of scientific opportunities as well as concrete projects, including their costs and schedules. They also have sessions for the community members to make short (~5min) remarks about their vision for the field, exciting science, projects, and issues of the community. People are encouraged to propose remarks, especially early career scientists. There will be also a time for "open-mic" session for discussions.  

This meeting will take place at both Fermilab and Argonne and will cover: Neutrino, Rare Processes and Precision Frontier,  and High-Energy Astrophysics. 

• 21st March morning - NAS EPP town hall at Fermilab (https://indico.fnal.gov/event/58856/. This event does not use the same zoom  https://vimeo.com/event/3153217) 
• 21st March afternoon  - P5 town hall on-site at Fermilab 
• 22nd March  - P5 town hall on-site at Fermilab 
• 23rd March - P5 town hall on-site at Argonne
• 24th March - CLOSED SESSION at Fermilab (P5 Committee Only)

Fermilab and Argonne are located in the Chicago-land area, separated by a ~30min drive depending on traffic. See map below. 

The Town Hall will be a hybrid event. Both in-person and remote participants must register.  Foreign nationals will receive instructions via email to submit additional information for site access. Separate site access approvals are needed for Fermilab and Argonne, and if needed you will be contacted separately by both labs. 

Once site access is approved, you will be sent a QR code (for Fermilab) and gatepass instructions for Argonne, which will allow you access to the lab(s). You will receive separate permission for Fermilab and Argonne. They are not interchangeable. Access to both Fermilab and Argonne will only be permitted when all procedures for each have been successfully completed.  See Site Access page for more details. 

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Registration for in-person participation has closed,  to allow access requests to be processed, but remote participants can register at any time. Zoom information will be provided for all registered participants in your confirmation email.
 

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23-0035-01.hr.jpg

PSE P5 Town Hall-Group Portrait_11x14_33433D 07.jpg

Tuesday, 21 March

08:00 Registration, coffee and breakfast

1 NAS EPP townhall - see https://indico.fnal.gov/event/58856/

See https://indico.fnal.gov/event/58856/

12:30 Lunch

Introduction: Fermilab

Convener: Hitoshi Murayama (University of California, Berkeley & IPMU, University of Tokyo)

Q&A Intro session

2 Fermilab Opening

Speaker: Louise Suter (FNAL)

Opening_talk_suter.pdf

3 Welcome From Fermilab Director

Speaker: Lia Merminga (FNAL)

4 P5 progess

Speakers: Karsten Heeger (Yale University), Hitoshi Murayama (University of California, Berkeley & IPMU, University of Tokyo)

FNAL-ANL-intro.pdf

Neutrinos: 1

Convener: Patrick Huber (Virginia Tech)

Q&A Neutrino 1

Q&A Neutrino 2

Q&A Neutrino 3

5 Overview of Neutrino Frontier

Speaker: Kate Scholberg (Duke University)

neutrino-frontier-overview.pdf

6 The Neutrino Program from a Theory Perspective

Speaker: Pedro Machado (Fermilab)

Machado-Neutrino-Program-Theory.pdf

7 Short-Baseline Neutrino Program

Speaker: Ornella Palamara (Fermilab)

Palamara_SBN_P5TownHall_March_2023.pdf

8 DUNE

Speaker: Chris Marshall (University of Rochester)

ChrisMarshall_P5TownHall_DUNEScience.pdf

9 LBNF/DUNE and PIP II

Speakers: Christopher Mossey (FNAL), Richard Stanek (Fermilab)

LBNF-DUNEUS Project P5 Town Hall Mossey.pdf

PIP-II 2023 P5 Town Hall Stanek.pptx

10 DUNE Near and Far Detector

Speaker: Sam Zeller (FNAL)

Zeller-P5 TownHall-Mar2023.pdf

16:30 Break

Neutrinos: 2

Convener: Seon-Hee Seo (Seoul National University)

Q&A Neutrino 1

Q&A Neutrino 2

Q&A Neutrino 3

11 HyperK

Speaker: Masato Shiozawa (University of Tokyo)

230321-P5TownHallMeeting-Hyper-Kamiokande-Shiozawa-v1.pptx

12 Accelerator Complex Upgrades, High Power Target, LBNF Upgrades

Speaker: Alexander Valishev (Fermilab)

2023-03-21 ACE P5 Fermilab Townhall.pdf

13 DUNE FD Phase 2

Speakers: Mary Bishai (Brookhaven National Laboratory), Mary Bishai

DUNE_Phase2_Townhall_MBishai_03212023.pdf

DUNE_Phase2_Townhall_MBishai_03212023.pptx

Wednesday, 22 March

08:00 Registration, coffee, and breakfast

Neutrinos: 3

Convener: Christofas Touramanis Douramanis (University of Liverpool)

Q&A Neutrino 1

Q&A Neutrino 2

Q&A Neutrino 3

14 DUNE ND Phase 2

Speaker: Hirohisa Tanaka

P5 DUNE ND Phase II.pdf

15 European Strategy/Neutrino Platform

Speaker: Francesco Lanni

FL_P5TownHallFNAL_20230322.pdf

16 Nuclear Physics Uncertainties

Speaker: Noemi Rocco

talk_Rocco_P5.pdf

17 Reactor Experiments

Speaker: Bryce Littlejohn

BRL_P5_RxNu.pdf

18 New Approaches and Small Experiments

Speaker: Joshua Klein (University of Pennsylvania)

p5_small_new_v1.pdf

19 Cosmology and Neutrinos

Speaker: Kevork Abazajian (U. C. Irvine)

Abazajian-P5-Townhall-March2023-Cosmology-and-Neutrinos.pdf

Rare & Precision: 1

Convener: Sarah Demers (Yale)

Q&A - Rare and Precision 1

Q&A - Rare and Precision 2

Q&A - Rare and Precision 3

20 Overview

Speaker: Robert Bernstein (Fermilab)

p5TownHall_RPF.pdf

21 g-2 + J-PARC

Speaker: Naohito Saito (KEK)

IPNS-P5-2023-03-22v0.pdf

IPNS-P5-2023-03-22v0.pptx

22 Lattice and g-2

Speaker: Aida El-Khadra (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

El-Khadra_P5.pdf

10:45 Break and photo

Rare & Precision: 2

Convener: Jelena Maricic (University of Hawaii)

Q&A - Rare and Precision 1

Q&A - Rare and Precision 2

Q&A - Rare and Precision 3

23 Overview COMET, MEG, mu3e

Speaker: Yoshitaka Kuno (Osaka University)

P5-KUNOS.pdf

24 Table Top Experiments

Speakers: Peter Graham (Stanford University), Roni Harnik (FNAL)

PWGraham P5 Tabletop Experiments for HEP.pdf

25 LHCb

Speakers: Manuel Franco Sevilla (University of Maryland (US)), Manuel Franco sevilla

23-03-22_manuelf_LHCb_P5.pdf

26 Mu2e + Mu2e-II

Speaker: James Miller

jmiller-P5-mar-2023-vf.pdf

12:40 Lunch

DEI, new initiatives, and the Fermilab Program

Convener: Tulika Bose (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

Q&A - DEI, new initiatives, and the Fermilab Program

27 DEI

Speakers: Mark Messier (Indiana University), Sandra Charles (Fermilab)

FNAL-EDIA-CharlesMessier.pdf

28 QIS

Speaker: Anna Grassellino (Fermilab)

GrassellinoP5-final.pptx

29 Microelectronics

Speakers: Farah Fahim (FERMILAB), Supratik Guha (Argonne National Laboratory)

FNAL_Microelectronics_P5_offline.pptx

FNAL town hall Mar 21 2023 (1).pptx

30 AI/ML

Speakers: Ian Foster (ANL), Nhan Tran (FNAL)

Foster_Tran_P5_AI_v3.pdf

31 Fermilab Program

Speaker: Bonnie Fleming (Fermilab)

BTF_spwg-P5_Townhall.pdf

15:25 Break

Open Session for remarks: Fermilab

Convener: Kendall Mahn (Michigan State University)

Q&A Argonne open session

Q&A - Fermilab open session

Slides.pdf

32 Fermilab Accelerator Proton Intensity Upgrade

I am early career accelerator scientist on the Fermilab Central Design Group (CDG) on Proton Intensity Upgrade (PIU). The first objective of this group is to develop reliable accelerator upgrade scenarios for 2.4 MW upgrade of DUNE/LBNF program. The next objective is to consider broader HEP opportunities and their relation to Fermilab upgrades - especially dark sector searches and muon physics programs. I will share my perspective on the synergies and tensions in the various paths forward.

Speaker: Jeffrey Eldred (Fermilab)

JEldred_P5_Townhall.docx

33 Enabling Role of Materials Science in Advancing Particle Physics Technologies

Materials science investigations have delivered critical improvements in particle physics technologies in recent years. By standing up unique capabilities aimed at understanding the role and impact of atomic defects, impurities, surfaces, and interfaces, Fermilab has demonstrated systematic improvements in the performance of technologies such as detectors, accelerators, quantum computers and sensors. For instance, state-of-the-art superconducting radiofrequency cavities for accelerator applications have been prepared through detailed investigations of heat treatments, while superconducting qubits that represent the leading edge in terms of coherence have been fabricated through a robust understanding of dissipation mechanisms on the atomic scale. I strongly advocate for continued and increased support of materials science projects in this realm as they will be essential for continued advancement of particle physics technologies over the next decade.

Speaker: Akshay Murthy (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory)

Enabling Role of Materials Science in Advancing Particle Physics Technologies.pptx

34 Tera-Z at FCCee: a b physics factory for the future

High statistics studies of the b quark have provided essential information on the standard model. Studies of CP violation in the b sector have indicated a need for beyond-the-standard model sources of CP violation, and studies of rare b decays have provided both constraints on new physics models and now tantalizing hints of beyond-the-standard-model lepton flavor violation. LHCb and Belle-2 will continue this program. Beyond these, the Tera-Z running at FCCee will provide samples of 5 x 10^{12} b's to allow continued higher-precision studies of the b quark. In addition, Tera-Z will extend the precision on measurements on the tau lepton.

Speakers: James Hirschauer (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), Sarah Eno (U. Maryland)

hirschauer_P5townhall_TeraZ_21mar2023.pdf

35 High-Intensity Precision Muonium Physics at Fermilab

Three fundamental searches or measurements can be made with muonium (M), a hydrogenic $\mu^+ e^-$ bound state: the search for charged-lepton flavor violation via M-$\overline{\mathrm{M}}$ oscillations, the M atomic spectrum, and the gravitational acceleration ($\overline{g}$) of antimatter in Earth’s field. M-$\overline{\mathrm{M}}$ transitions are allowed, but highly suppressed, via neutrino mixing, and would yield a striking experimental signature; their observation would signal new doubly charged-lepton-flavor-violating physics coupling to 2nd-generation elementary particles. The M atomic spectrum is a precision test of QED, free of hadronic and finite-size effects. $\overline{g}$ has yet to be directly measured; measuring it with muonium is the only way to test the gravitational coupling of 2nd-generation particles. An unexpected outcome could change our understanding of gravity, the universe, and the existence of a fifth force. The PIP-II linac will be capable of producing unprecedented muon beam intensities to support a world-class, variable energy muon user facility at Fermilab, which would be the only one located in the US. R&D towards this future can start in the MTA/ITA facility at the existing 400 MeV Linac, which may be competitive for this physics with PSI. Other low-energy-muon applications can also be studied, including muon spin rotation as applied to superconducting RF resonators for QIS.

Speaker: Daniel Kaplan (Illinois Institute of Technology)

Kaplan P5 Remarks 3-23-R3.pdf

36 The Pacific Ocean Neutrino Observatory (P-ONE)

Ten years after its discovery, the production mechanism and sources of the high-energy neutrino background discovered by IceCube and extending to 10 PeV remain almost entirely unknown. Understanding what this first glimpse of the distant, high-energy universe can tell us, a priority of the decadal survey, is currently limited in IceCube by both the total number of detected neutrinos and by angular resolution, which is critical to identify sources. The planned Pacific Ocean Neutrino Observatory (P-ONE) will provide a complementary approach to that taken by IceCube and IceCube-Gen2, focusing on precision measurements and with a view of the sky focusing on the southern hemisphere, where IceCube has its lowest sensitivity but containing the Galactic Center and the fields of view of many next-generation electromagnetic survey telescopes to maximize the potential of cross correlations. Construction of P-ONE by a joint European, Canadian, and US group is scheduled to begin in 2024, leveraging an existing deep-sea research facility in the Pacific Northwest, off the Washington coast, provided by Ocean Networks Canada. When completed, the instrument will provide factor-of-4-to-5 improvements in resolution compared to IceCube, expected to increase the number of known neutrino sources by an order of magnitude, and provide the best performance in complementary areas of the sky to other neutrino telescopes such as IceCube and KM3NeT.

Speaker: Nathan Whitehorn (Michigan State University)

p5-pone-2023.pdf

37 High-Power Targetry R&D for Next-Generation Accelerator Facilities

As next-generation accelerator target facilities, such as the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) at Fermilab, become increasingly more powerful and intense, high power target systems face key technical challenges. Devices such as beam windows and secondary particle-production targets are continuously bombarded by high-energy high-intensity pulsed proton beams to produce secondary particles for several High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. Energy deposition from the primary beam induces near instantaneous heating (thermal shock) and microstructural changes (radiation damage) in the beam-intercepting materials. Both thermal shock and radiation damage ultimately degrade the performance and lifetime of targets and have been identified as the leading cross-cutting challenges of high-power target facilities. Several facilities have already had to limit their beam power because of the survivability of their targets and windows, rather than as a limitation of the accelerators themselves. As beam power in next-generation multi-megawatt accelerator target facilities continue to increase, there is a pressing need to address the material challenges to avoid limiting the scope of future HEP experiments. This talk will highlight the critical materials R&D needs to address the challenges of high-power targets.

Speaker: Kavin Ammigan (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory)

HPT RD - P5 Town Hall - KA032223.pptx

38 Novel approaches for neutrino sources

As an organizer of NF09, the Topical Group on Artificial Neutrino Sources, I have seen that, just as modest investment in neutrino detector technology has opened great new opportunities such as DUNE, more investment in new neutrino sources can be game changing. This remark will advocate for the support of small experiments to develop truly novel approaches for neutrino sources. In particular, I will advocate for the next paradigm shift in neutrino beams, in which we bring the accelerator-based neutrino source to the detector, rather than the detector to the accelerator, opening a wide range of unique, pertinent, and highly sensitive BSM physics searches.

Speaker: Joshua Spitz (University of Michigan)

novel_source_approaches_p5_townhall_2023.pdf

39 DUNE Neutrino Event Generators

The DUNE collaboration found that the current theoretical uncertainty on neutrino cross sections and modeling of final states would substantially degrade the sensitivity to CP violation and the mass hierarchy in their measurements. Currently, the uncertainties are estimated to be between 5 and 10%. Disagreements between event generator predictions are even larger. We will discuss the need for the continued development of neutrino event generators and nuclear theory calculations for the success of DUNE.

Speaker: Joshua Isaacson (FNAL)

P5_Neutrino_Generator.pdf

40 Whole-PhD Support for Students in Instrumentation

There is growing recognition that training the next generation of instrumentation experts is vital to the future of HEP. Unfortunately, most student support mechanisms in instrumentation, including SCGSR and Traineeship programs, take a “one and done” approach – one year of support in instrumentation after which a student returns to their regularly scheduled PhD. This is in stark contrast to the experiences of the current leaders and rising stars in neutrino, rare process, dark matter and QIS physics, many of whom enjoyed graduate experiences where instrumentation was not a 1-year add-on, but rather an organic part of an entire PhD, often on a small pathfinder experiment. To support such a PhD today is exceedingly challenging, typically requiring a half-dozen different funding sources per student over the course of their PhD. Mechanisms for whole-PhD support – which could be adapted from existing instrumentation programs supporting students at labs and at universities – are needed to cultivate the innovators that will drive HEP forward.

Speaker: Prof. Eric Dahl (Northwestern University / Fermilab)

P5TownHall-InstrPhDs.pdf

P5TownHall-InstrPhDs.pptx

41 Muon Collider: Today's R&D for Tomorrow's Discoveries

Future high energy colliders are essential to unravel the mysteries of the universe. The question is how best to access higher energies. After decades of physically larger and larger pp and e+e- machines, a compact and power-efficient muon collider would represent a paradigm shift for the field of particle physics. In this remark, I'll discuss why a multi-TeV Muon Collider is a compelling successor to the LHC, well suited for Fermilab's long-term future, and why it is imperitive we support dedicated R&D today.

Speaker: Karri DiPetrillo (Fermilab)

2023.03.22.kdp.P5MuonCollider.pdf

42 The GRAMS (Gamma-Ray and AntiMatter Survey) Project

GRAMS (Gamma-Ray and AntiMatter Survey) is a proposed balloon/satellite mission that will be the first to target both MeV gamma-ray observations and antimatter-based indirect dark matter searches with a LArTPC (Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber) detector. With a cost-effective, large-scale LArTPC, GRAMS can open up a new window into the poorly explored region of the MeV sky and be a pathfinder for future scientific research in the era of multi-messenger astronomy. GRAMS is also capable of extensively exploring dark matter parameter space via antimatter measurements. In particular, low-energy antideuteron and antihelium measurements can offer essentially background-free dark matter searches.

Speaker: Tsuguo Aramaki (Northeastern University)

P5TownHall_TsuguoAramaki.pdf

43 Support for an National Axion User Facility

Dark matter makes up 85% of the matter in the universe and 27% of its energy density, but we don't know what comprises dark matter. Wavelike dark matter, including the QCD axion, are well-motivated dark matter candidates that have been receiving more attention in recent years. However, if the axion exists, its mass is unknown, requiring experiments to search through a broad range of parameter space. Yet only a small fraction of the viable parameter space has been ruled out by experiments. The community yearns for enabling technologies that will make the rest of the axion parameter space more accessible. An axion user facility would catalyze the R&D required to develop these enabling technologies and test different axion detection methods. Axion searches often require large magnets, milliKelvin cryogenics, and sophisticated quantum sensors. An axion user facility would allow the community to share engineering and infrastructure resources, leading to a larger and more efficient axion discovery program.

Speaker: Raphael Cervantes (Fermilab)

p5_townhall_raphaelcervantes.pdf

p5_townhall_raphaelcervantes.pptx

44 Theia Physics Program

Theia is a proposed many-ktonne scale ``hybrid" optical neutrino detector with the potential for a broad physics program. Hybrid detectors leverage advancing technology in fast-timing photon sensors, chromatic photon sorting, and new scintillating materials, such as water-based liquid scintillator, in order to simultaneously distinguish both the Cherenkov and scintillation signals. Using the scintillation light, Theia can achieve excellent vertex and energy reconstruction and sub-Cherenkov thresholds, while the ring imaging from the Cherenkov signal provides directionality and enhanced particle identification. This technology enables a broad physics program including world-class measurements of low- and high-energy solar neutrinos, sensitive searches for nucleon decay, observation of the diffuse supernova background, a sensitive probe of geo and reactor neutrinos, and ultimately a search for neutrinoless double beta decay. Theia can provide a complementary measurement, using a low-Z target material, of $\delta_{cp}$ and the neutrino mass ordering if deployed as a far detector module as part of Phase II of DUNE. Overall, Theia provides a uniquely broad program and presents an exciting opportunity for the future of neutrino physics.

Speaker: Tanner Kaptanoglu (UC Berkeley)

theia_kaptanoglu_remarks.pdf

45 Promoting Accelerator Education within the Accelerator complex

The FNAL accelerator complex is under utilized for educating early researchers in particular, students in accelerator physics.

Speaker: Robert Ainsworth (Fermilab)

ainsworth_032223.pptx

46 Particle Physics Beyond-the-Standard-Model with Cosmic Accelerators

High-energy gamma-ray observations have the potential to probe fundamental physics at energy scales and distances not accessible to earthbound accelerators. With the long distances to astrophysical sources, TeV gamma-ray observations can constrain violations of Lorentz Invariance to beyond the Planck scale. Axion-like particles can be produced in the magnetic fields surrounding astrophysical objects and modify their high-energy spectra. With TeV gamma-ray observations, we can push our understanding of particle physics processes, including those beyond the Standard Model, into regimes that cannot be reached on earth. With several upcoming experiments able to push our observations of cosmic gamma rays to the hundreds of TeV and PeV energies, now is the time to push our understanding of these processes into the unknown.

Speaker: J. Patrick Harding (Los Alamos National Laboratory)

Pat_Harding.pdf

47 SRF cavity-based searches for new physics

Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities are fundamental components of particle accelerators, but their uses extend beyond the accelerator field. Extensive R&D on SRF cavities has enabled to achieve ultra-high quality factors, opening the doors for new applications, such as quantum information science and searches for new fundamental physics. The Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Center is leading the effort on this front with a focus area dedicated to quantum physics and sensing.
Support from HEP to the quantum field allowed to strengthen this research line through small-scale experiments searching for dark matter candidates, new particles, and gravitational waves. Continued support from HEP may enable to multiply the efforts and also grow the most promising smaller searches into larger experiments that leverage Fermilab leading expertise in SRF cavities and the quantum technology progress brought forward by the QIS field.

Speaker: Bianca Giaccone

BGiaccone_P5_032223_v2.pptx

48 Dedicated R&D Facilities for Frontier Research in Accelerator Science and Technology

The Snowmass Process has highlighted the importance of understanding the technical feasibility and performance of future discovery-science accelerator facilities. Frontier research in Accelerator Science and Technology (AST) is essential to this understanding. The nature of this research is generally incompatible with user facilities, which are inflexible and highly subscribed, and instead demands the availability of dedicated AST R&D facilities. As we consider the near-term priorities and long-term horizon of high-energy physics, it is important to ensure that the available AST infrastructure and expertise will be well aligned with the community’s consensus. As an example, we briefly describe one such dedicated R&D facility that has been developed over the last decade: the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) Facility.

Speaker: Jonathan Jarvis (Fermilab)

P5_TH_JJ - Read-Only.pdf

49 Long Term Potential of the Modern Modular Bubble Chamber

Long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments present some of the most compelling paths towards beyond-the-standard-model physics through measurement of PMNS matrix elements and observation of the degree of leptonic CP violation. Due to their world leading intensity, the next generation of oscillation experiments, DUNE and Hyper-K, also present an opportunity for novel measurements that are simultaneously orthogonal paths to BSM physics and complementary to the projected offerings of the upcoming Electron-Ion Collider. A quick survey of relevant topics include a measurement of the Weinberg angle and W-Mass; precision probes of nucleon quark content, opening a path to novel form factors; the investigation of nuclear modification with special regard to the axial currents; possible contributions to the proton spin-puzzle through nucleon tomography; and the importance of generalized parton distribution functions. These comments will review the contribution of a hydrogen bubble chamber to the DUNE physics program as well as lay out a long term physics program for this device.

Speaker: Bryan Ramson

P5OpenSession_32223.pdf

17:30 Reception - at Two Brothers Roundhouse

http://twobrothersbrewing.com/restaurants/roundhouse/

Tickets will be provided when you pick up your registration badge.
Complementary snacks, dinner (taco bar), drinks.
Vegetarian and vegan options are available.

Thursday, 23 March

Introduction: Argonne

Convener: Karsten Heeger (Yale University)

Q&A Intro session

50 Welcome to ANL

Speaker: Paul Kearns

51 ANL Logistics

Speaker: Rik Yoshida

Argonne_welcome_402_safety.pptx

Rare & Precision: 3

Convener: Karsten Heeger (Yale University)

Q&A - Rare and Precision 1

Q&A - Rare and Precision 2

Q&A - Rare and Precision 3

52 Belle II

Speaker: Jake Bennett

230323_P5_BelleII_Bennett.pdf

53 srEDM (AGS)

Speaker: Ed Stephenson

4-Stephenson-srEDM-P3.pdf

54 PIONEER

Speaker: David Hertzog

Hertzog-PIONEER-P5-final.pptx

pdf-backup-hertzog-pioneer.pdf

HIgh Energy Astrophysics: 1

overview (Icecube, Fermi, AUGER, Telescope Array), including indirect detection of dark matter

Convener: Abigail Vieregg (Harvard University)

Q&A High energy Astro 1

Q&A High energy astro 2

55 high-energy astrophysics overview

Speaker: Ke Fang

08 Fang-P5_HighEnergyAstrophysicsOverview_Fang_Mar23 (2).pdf

56 CTA / CTA-US

Speaker: Justin Vandenbroucke (University of Wisconsin - Madison)

vandenbroucke_230323_p5_cta_v3.pdf

57 SWGO

Speaker: Petra Huentemeyer (Michigan Technological University)

Updated 08_HuentemeyerP5-Fermilab-Argonne-032323-final (002).pdf

58 Group Photo

10:45 break

HIgh Energy Astrophysics: 2

overview (Icecube, Fermi, AUGER, Telescope Array), including indirect detection of dark matter

Convener: Tien-Tien Yu (University of Oregon)

Q&A High energy Astro 1

Q&A High energy astro 2

59 IceCube Gen2 : Science case

Speaker: Ignacio Taboada (Georgia Institute of Technology)

P5_TownHall_Taboada.pdf

60 IceCube Gen2: design, scope, cost, schedule

Speaker: Albrecht Karle (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

10-IceCube-Gen2_Karle_P5.pdf

61 Argonne Progarm

Speaker: Rik Yoshida (ANL)

11-Yoshida_P5-townhall-Argonne.pdf

12:05 Lunch

Downstairs in lower gallery

Open Session for remarks: Argonne

Convener: Beate Heinemann (DESY and Freiburg University)

Q&A Argonne open session

Q&A - Fermilab open session

Slides.pdf

62 Measuring Neutrino Oscillation Parameters With Atmospheric Neutrinos This Decade

Frontier: Neutrino
Experiment: Multi-experiments (IceCube-Upgrade, SuperKamiokande-Gd, KM3NeT-ORCA)

In the current agenda, atmospheric neutrinos are not listed in any contribution title. In this contribution, I will highlight the expected capabilities of atmospheric neutrino experiments that aim to operate this decade and how they can help determine the oscillation parameters. I point out that atmospheric neutrino experiments currently under construction will determine the neutrino ordering (at more than 5 sigma), independent of JUNO, by 2030. I will request endorsement of this valuable program in the P5 report. Finally, I will also discuss other synergies with long-baseline accelerator experiments.

Speaker: Prof. Carlos Argüelles Delgado (Harvard University)

arguelles_p5_argonne_march_open_session_v0.pdf

63 The need to support the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array Project into the 2030s

To maximize the scientific value extracted from current investments, both the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array Project must be supported into the 2030s. This need has become clear during the writing of a white paper on Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR) for the Snowmass process [Astropart. Phys. 149 (2023) 102819]. The reasons for this term of support are manyfold, but two crucial aspects will be highlighted in this short presentation. First, this duration would provide a decade of data accumulation with instruments now completing extensive upgrades. These upgrades have been designed to target critical questions in particle physics and astrophysics, but require this level of exposure to make good on their potential. Second, the next generation of UHECR experiments must be cross-calibrated with existing observatories to ensure consistency in their measurements, and they are not expected to begin taking data until 2030.

Speaker: Eric Mayotte (Colorado School of Mines)

P5-Comment-PAO-TA-2030.pdf

64 Neutrino Opportunities at a Muon Collider

Muon decay is a well understood, equal numbers of electron/muon
(anti)neutrinos and muon neutrinos with precisely known energy spectra. Also, with Very high luminosity for both muon and electron flavor content, Well known neutrino energy spectra, as well as very well determined beam intensity. These all make a muon colliders an ideal place to investigate rare or new neutrino interactions. I will briefly remark some of these opportunities that a muon collider can provide. These include (but are not limited to) i) precision in neutrino Cross Section Measurements at TeV energy ranges; ii) precision in Weak Mixing Angle; iii) Indirect BSM Searches (SMEFT) related to 4-fermion interactions that include neutrinos; iv) Direct searches of new physics related to neutrinos.

Speaker: Zahra Tabrizi (Northwestern University)

P5TownHallMar2023.pdf

65 WIMPs are Not Dead

Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) that were in thermal equilibrium in the early Universe are one of the most well-motivated particle Dark Matter models. This is in part because WIMP models independently have the same relic abundance of DM as seen by CMB studies. The canonical WIMP mass range is 5 GeV-100 TeV, which we have only just begun to probe. The next generation of DM projects require a suite of experiments that "delves deep, searches wide, and harnesses the complementarity between techniques". I will show how with a diverse portfolio of next generation experiments will allow us to fully cover the thermal WIMP mass range.

Speaker: Andrea Albert (Los Alamos National Lav)

P5_remark_aalbert-3.pdf

66 CTA and IceCube: the prospects of multi-messenger astrophysics with next-generation gamma-ray and neutrino observatories

In the last decade, IceCube has enabled multi-messenger astronomy with neutrinos and revolutionized the field of astroparticle physics. By combining gamma-ray and neutrino data, significant progress has been made in understanding the most energetic phenomena in the universe. However, there is still much to be explored and understood. As the next-generation instruments for both messengers, such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) and IceCube-Gen2, are on the horizon, it is crucial to consider the prospects and strategies for multi-messenger science. The upcoming era of IceCube-CTA synergy holds great potential for advancing our understanding of the universe.

Speaker: Qi Feng (SAO)

SnowmassP5_QiFeng_CTA_remarks.pdf

67 The Importance of Small Experiments for the Vitality of Neutrino Physics

A balanced portfolio of experiments across all scales is important for the vitality of Neutrino Physics as a whole. Here, we describe some important features of small experiments and the challenges they face. The scale of small experiments provides the ability to react nimbly to emerging opportunities for scientific discovery and to leverage existing equipment and infrastructure at Universities and Laboratories. Small experiments allow early career community members to participate in the full experimental lifecycle, from conception through scientific analysis, providing a unique training ground for well-rounded generalists and a wealth of leadership opportunities. But, it can be challenging for small experiments to gain visibility and secure the resources they need to succeed. We encourage the community to develop strategies that ensure both resource and logistical support for small experiments, due to the critical role they play in advancing the science of our field and developing the skilled and diverse workforce that we need.

Speaker: Cristian Roca (LLNL)

P5_SmallExpt-4.pdf

68 Particle Physics with Ultrahigh-Energy Neutrinos

Recent discoveries in the last decade have shown that cosmic neutrinos present a robust method for pursuing open particle physics questions in the weak scale. A neutrino beam is expected from cosmic sources at ultrahigh-energies that can probe energies otherwise inaccessible with experiments here on Earth. In these remarks, we will comment on the exciting opportunities available at energies neutrino energy (>PeV) that will be made accessible through experiments in the coming decade.

Speaker: Stephanie Wissel (Pennsylvania State University)

P5Townhall-UHE-Neutrinos-Wissel.pdf

69 The PROSPECT reactor neutrino experiment: Highlights and future opportunities

The PROSPECT experiment is a small project success story from the last P5/Snowmass cycle. A first-generation detector called PROSPECT-I, located on the Earth's surface roughly 7 m from the 85 MW, compact, highly-enriched High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, took data in 2018 and 2019. The results obtained from this experimental campaign have been of significant scientific impact by placing stringent limits on short baseline neutrino oscillations at the eV scale, setting new direct limits on boosted dark matter models, and providing a precision U spectral measurement, all while providing excellent professional development opportunities for young scientists. Following the success of PROSPECT-I, the collaboration is now preparing for its second phase, called PROSPECT-II. With an upgraded detector design, PROSPECT-II will allow us to expand beyond the current analyses, with improved sensitivity and statistics providing unique inputs to the U.S. neutrino frontier.

Speaker: Diego Venegas Vargas (University of Tennessee Knox/ Oak Ridge National Laboratory)

P5_Talk_VenegasVargas.pdf

70 Neutrino Physics and R&D at ANNIE

The Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment (ANNIE) is a 26-ton gadolinium-loaded water Cherenkov neutrino detector located in the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam. The experiment is performing a suite of targeted neutrino-nucleus interaction measurements while also serving as an R&D testbed for the future large-scale neutrino program. Ongoing measurements include characterization of neutrino-induced neutron production and backgrounds for DSNB and proton decay searches, and joint measurements with LArTPCs located in the same beamline to extract precision water/argon cross section ratios and improve nuclear modeling. The R&D program has included deployment of a Gd-loaded water target, Large-Area Picosecond Photodetectors (LAPPDs), and novel water-based liquid scintillator (WbLS) targets, all highly relevant to the future program. As a smaller experiment and collaboration, ANNIE can provide high-impact measurements and a flexible testbed for the evolving needs of the community, along with outstanding opportunities for holistic training of early career scientists. On account of these benefits, it is imperative that experiments of this scale receive robust and predictable support in the coming years.

Speaker: Andrew Mastbaum (Rutgers University)

annie_p5_slides.pdf

71 Trinity: UHE Earth-skimming Neutrino Detector

Trinity is a next-generation imaging air Cherenkov telescope array that utilizes an earth-skimming technique to detect Ultra-High-Energy (UHE) neutrinos. Its sensitivity will play a crucial role in filling the gap between the observed astrophysical neutrinos observed by IceCube and the predicted sensitivity of radio UHE neutrinos detectors. As proof of the concept, we are building a smaller demonstrator telescope in Milford, Utah. I will show the progress on bringing the Trinity demonstrator online and talk about how it fits into our plans for the full Trinity array.

Speaker: Mathew Potts (GA Tech)

P5-mathewpotts2023.pdf

72 Future Physics Opportunities at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Spallation Neutron Source

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) First Target Station (FTS), used by the COHERENT experiment, provides an intense and extremely high-quality source of pulsed stopped-pion neutrinos, with energies up to about 50~MeV. Upgrades to the SNS are underway, including a Second Target Station (STS) in the early 2030's, which will approximately double the source power while maintaining neutrino spectral quality similar to the FTS source. Furthermore, additional space for ten-tonne scale detectors may be available.
We highlight exciting opportunities for neutrino physics, other particle and nuclear physics, as well as detector development, for the FTS and STS neutrino sources in the next decade.

Speakers: Jason Newby (Oak Ridge National Laboratory), Yun-Tse Tsai (SLAC)

P5TownTallArgonne_20230324.pdf

73 Time Slicing of Neutrino Fluxes in Oscillation Experiments at Fermilab

The next generation of long baseline neutrino experiments aims to increase proton beam power to multi-MW level and make use of massive detectors to overcome the limitation of event statistics. The DUNE experiment at LBNF will test the three neutrino flavor paradigm and directly search for CP violation by studying oscillation signatures in the high intensity νμ (anti-νμ) beam to νe (anti-νe) measured over a long baseline.
As long baseline neutrino experiments are entering a precision era, reduction in the systematic errors to the level of a few percent is necessary to attain their physics goals. The neutrino-nucleus interaction cross sections are among the most challenging sources of systematic errors. In this talk, an innovative neutrino beam research and development technique is presented to constrain the cross-section uncertainty and ensure that DUNE meets its objectives by performing time-slicing of the neutrino flux, called the ”stroboscopic approach”. By exploiting the correlation between the true neutrino energy and the measured neutrino arrival time, this technique selects different neutrino energy spectra from a wide-band neutrino beam. It uniquely allows access to true energy information at the Far detector, which is not possible from any other existing part of the DUNE experiment.
Three different thrusts are necessary for the application of stroboscopic approaches, namely: 1) creation of short (O(100ps)) proton bunch length, 2) implementation of fast timing to get equivalent time resolution in the detectors, 3) establishment of synchronization between the time at the detector and time of the bunch-by-bunch proton at the target. This talk will explain how the three different thrusts emerge from the same objective of understanding how the stroboscopic approach brings its own critical contribution to DUNE and US neutrino physics. Obtaining a better understanding of the cross sections is critical for DUNE experiment and neutrino physics as a whole and US accelerator-based neutrino beams will benefit from this novel technique.

Speaker: Sudeshna Ganguly (Fermilab)

P5_remark_SudeshnaGanguly.pdf

74 Next Generation Instrumentation for Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR)

As solicited by the Snowmass Cosmic Frontier 7 and as a major effort of the international UHECR community, we have produced a whitepaper about the status and future of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR) physis [Astropart. Phys. 149 (2023) 102819 - arXiv:2205.05845] with about 100 authors and many additional endorsers. Part of the whitepaper is an instrumentation roadmap of the large-scale experiments needed for both the particle and astrophysics goals of UHECR during the next two decades. The currently upgraded Pierre Auger Observatory and also the Telescope Array will drive UHECR physics during this decade, preparations for the next generation of complementary experiments is mandatory. This short presentation will give an overview of the science cases and the instrumentation roadmap concluding the whitepaper, which includes next generation experiments such as POEMMA as a space-borne detector, and the GCOS as a ground-based observatory.

Speaker: Frank Schroeder (University of Delaware)

NextGenerationUHECRinstruments_P5townhall_FrankSchroeder_23Ma2023.pdf

75 CYGNUS: New Physics Capabilities from Recoil Imaging

A Snowmass working group of 167 experimental and theoretical physicists straddling the neutrino, cosmic, and instrumentation frontiers started to map out the physics case for a modular, low-energy, "recoil imaging" experiment, which we call CYGNUS.

The ultimate goal is to build a large detector that can count and localize --- in the optimal case --- individual electrons of ionization in a very large volume of gas. This uniquely enables the topological and directional reconstruction of nuclear and electronic recoils, and much more. We have a proposal for a 30+-year program of experiments where the technology is fully optimized while gradually scaling up the size of detectors.

A portfolio of gas-target detectors would strongly complement ongoing solid-state-based experiments yet are under-represented in the US program. While gas-target detectors have comparatively low target density, the consequently large detector volume and room-temperature operation result in operational advantages and unique physics reach. Three very broad and general examples are 1) detection of complex, multi-particle final states that cannot be resolved in other detectors 2) detection of BSM physics models where the sensitivity scales with detector volume, rather than mass, and 3) low-energy neutrino spectroscopy.

For every factor of ten increase in detector volume, interesting new measurements become possible. Liter-scale gas detectors are already being constructed to measure the Migdal effect, which other experiments implicitly rely on, but cannot probe. Cubic-meter scale detectors could be used to demonstrate directional sensitivity to Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CEνNS), for example at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Lab, and to search for BSM mediator particles contributing to the neutral-current interaction. Detectors at this scale could also search for low-mass dark matter, heavy sterile neutrinos, and axion-like particles. 10-m$^3$-scale detectors could produce the strongest spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross section limits of any experiment across all WIMP masses. 1000-m$^3$-scale detectors could perform solar neutrino physics. Larger volumes would bring sensitivity to neutrinos from an even wider range of sources, including galactic supernovae, nuclear reactors, and geological processes. An ambitious DUNE-scale detector, but operating at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, could have non-directional WIMP sensitivity in excess of any proposed experiment, and use directionality to penetrate deep into the neutrino floor.

Finally, if a dark matter signal is observed, this would mark the beginning of a new era in physics. A large directional detector as envisioned here would then hold the key to first establishing the galactic origin of the signal, and to subsequently map the local WIMP velocity distribution and explore the particle phenomenology of dark matter.

For further information, see https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.05914

Speaker: Sven Vahsen (University of Hawaii)

CYGNUS_P5_townhall_vahsen.pdf

76 Cosmic Rays and Neutrinos with POEMMA and EUSO-SPB2 — Clinching Space to Open a New Gateway into Fundamental Physics

Ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are the most energetic particles ever detected, reaching energies up to more than ten million times the beam energy of the Large Hadron Collider. Extremely energetic astrophysical sources also produce neutrinos up to very-high energies (VHE). Together, these two messengers offer an unparalleled opportunity to probe the most extreme physics in the Universe, including fundamental physics at energy scales that are far out of reach for terrestrial accelerators. The Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) is a proposed space-based experiment for observing fluorescence and optical Cherenkov signals from extensive air showers induced by >~ 20 EeV UHECRs and >~ 20 PeV neutrinos. In going to space, POEMMA will attain a substantial increase in statistics for the highest energy cosmic rays as well as quasi-uniform exposure over the entire celestial sky. POEMMA’s design will also feature the capability to rapidly slew in response to transient astrophysical alerts. The upcoming Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon II (EUSO-SPB2) is a second-generation stratospheric balloon instrument that will serve as a pathfinder mission for space-based observatories such as POEMMA. EUSO-SPB2 is expected to launch from Wanaka, NZ this in Spring 2023. We will discuss the pioneering measurements of POEMMA and EUSO-SPB2 and the promise they offer for accessing fundamental physics.

Speaker: Tonia Venters (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center)

Venters_P5_2023.pdf

77 Advanced Accelerator Concepts for Future Colliders

Advanced accelerator concepts (AAC) hold tremendous promise for enabling future precision energy-frontier machines. With their demonstrated ultra-high acceleration gradients, well beyond those of conventional klystron-powered accelerators, AAC technologies have the potential to revolutionize the field by enabling the development of more compact and cost-effective future colliders, while reducing power consumption and environmental impact. AAC technologies, including wakefield acceleration in either plasmas or structures, driven by either charged particle beams or laser pulses, have seen rapid progress in recent years. One promising AAC approach is the structure-based wakefield acceleration (SWFA), which has been extensively studied at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility at ANL. In this talk, I will present our vision within the AAC community regarding the R&D Roadmap aimed at developing an AAC-based collider, with an emphasis on the SWFA approach.
For those that are here for this townhall, you are invited to tour the AWA facility and learn more about our AAC-related activities.

Speaker: Xueying Lu (Northern Illinois Univ / Argonne National Laboratory)

P5_Townhall_ANL_AAC for Future Colliders_Lu.pdf

78 The Feasibility of In-Ice Ultrahigh Energy Neutrino Detectors

Substantial progress has been made in the last decade in the development of in-ice neutrino detectors targeting 10 PeV and above. In particular, the Askaryan Radio Array at the South Pole has pioneered a low-threshold trigger that is simple to deploy, computationally inexpensive to analyze, and substantially more efficient. This design is scalable for both medium-scale (RNO-G) and large-scale (IceCube Gen2-Radio) projects, and is ready to be deployed in the next generation of in-ice UHE neutrino experiments.

Speakers: Cosmin Deaconu (UChicago / KICP), Kaeli Hughes (The University of Chicago)

anl-townhall-askaryan-feasibility.pdf

79 Hidden sector searches with low-energy neutrino scattering detectors

The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) produces an world-leading intense flux of neutrinos below 53 MeV capable of accumulating an enormous number of protons on target, over 10^23 per year. Beam dump experiments at the SNS are sensitive to hidden sector particles, such as dark matter, produced in the target. Upgrades to the accelerator and construction of a second target station in the coming decade will allow for beam dump experiments at the multi-ton scale.

The COHERENT experiment currently operates a suite of detectors to measure the neutrinos produced at these energy via coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering. Such detectors are well-suited for identifying light dark matter and have made the first search for coherent dark matter-nucleus scattering at a detector. Though this first search involved only 14 kg of active material, the result placed the most stringent limit on 25 MeV dark matter. COHERENT at the SNS will explore the predicted couplings for thermal relic dark matter for scalar and fermion dark matter with a new generation of detectors with nearly 1000x the mass and improvements from the SNS accelerator.

Speaker: Daniel Pershey

20230323_pershey_P5TownHall.pdf

Closed session

80 Closed Session

16:15 Break

81 Closed Session with ANL Management Team

82 Closed Session

Friday, 24 March

P5 town hall: Closed Sessions (P5 Committee Only)